Keyboard Shortcut Reference
200+ shortcuts for Windows, macOS, VS Code, Chrome, Excel, Google Docs & Terminal. Search, learn, and quiz yourself.
Navigation
Alt +Tab
Switch between open windows Win +D
Show / hide desktop Win +E
Open File Explorer Win +L
Lock your PC Win +Tab
Open Task View Alt +F4
Close active window Win +Left
Snap window to left half Win +Right
Snap window to right half Editing
Ctrl +C
Copy selected item Ctrl +X
Cut selected item Ctrl +V
Paste from clipboard Ctrl +Z
Undo last action Ctrl +Y
Redo last action Ctrl +A
Select all Ctrl +S
Save current file Ctrl +F
Open Find dialog Window Management
Win +Up
Maximize window Win +Down
Minimize / restore window Win +Shift +Left
Move window to left monitor Win +Shift +Right
Move window to right monitor Ctrl +Win +D
Create new virtual desktop Ctrl +Win +Left
Switch to previous desktop Ctrl +Win +Right
Switch to next desktop Selection
Shift +Arrow
Extend text selection Ctrl +Shift +Left
Select word left Ctrl +Shift +Right
Select word right Shift +Home
Select to start of line Shift +End
Select to end of line Ctrl +Shift +Home
Select to start of document Ctrl +Shift +End
Select to end of document System
Ctrl +Shift +Esc
Open Task Manager Win +I
Open Settings Win +S
Open Search Win +V
Open clipboard history Win +.
Open emoji picker PrtSc
Screenshot to clipboard Win +Shift +S
Snipping tool screenshot Navigation
Cmd +Tab
Switch between apps Cmd +Space
Open Spotlight search Cmd +W
Close current window Cmd +Q
Quit application Cmd +H
Hide current app Cmd +M
Minimize to Dock Ctrl +Up
Mission Control Ctrl +Down
Show all windows of current app Editing
Cmd +C
Copy selected item Cmd +X
Cut selected item Cmd +V
Paste from clipboard Cmd +Z
Undo last action Cmd +Shift +Z
Redo last action Cmd +A
Select all Cmd +S
Save current file Cmd +F
Open Find dialog Window Management
Cmd +Ctrl +F
Toggle fullscreen Cmd +`
Cycle windows of same app Cmd +Option +M
Minimize all windows Ctrl +Left
Move to previous Space Ctrl +Right
Move to next Space Selection
Shift +Arrow
Extend text selection Option +Shift +Left
Select word left Option +Shift +Right
Select word right Cmd +Shift +Left
Select to start of line Cmd +Shift +Right
Select to end of line Cmd +Shift +Up
Select to start of document Cmd +Shift +Down
Select to end of document System
Cmd +Shift +3
Screenshot entire screen Cmd +Shift +4
Screenshot selection Cmd +Shift +5
Screenshot / record toolbar Cmd +Option +Esc
Force Quit applications Cmd +Ctrl +Q
Lock screen Ctrl +Cmd +Space
Open emoji picker Cmd +,
Open app preferences Navigation
Ctrl +P
Quick Open file Ctrl +Shift +P
Command Palette Ctrl +G
Go to line number Ctrl +Shift +O
Go to symbol in file Ctrl +Tab
Switch between open editors Ctrl +B
Toggle sidebar Ctrl +`
Toggle integrated terminal Ctrl +Shift +E
Focus file explorer Editing
Ctrl +D
Select next occurrence of word Ctrl +Shift +K
Delete entire line Alt +Up
Move line up Alt +Down
Move line down Ctrl +Shift +Alt +Down
Copy line down Ctrl +/
Toggle line comment Ctrl +Shift +A
Toggle block comment Ctrl +H
Find and replace Window Management
Ctrl +\
Split editor Ctrl +1
Focus first editor group Ctrl +2
Focus second editor group Ctrl +W
Close active editor Ctrl +K +Ctrl +W
Close all editors Ctrl +Shift +N
New VS Code window Selection
Ctrl +L
Select current line Ctrl +Shift +L
Select all occurrences Alt +Click
Insert cursor at click Ctrl +Alt +Up
Add cursor above Ctrl +Alt +Down
Add cursor below Ctrl +Shift +Space
Trigger parameter hints System
Ctrl +Shift +X
Open Extensions panel Ctrl +Shift +G
Open Source Control Ctrl +Shift +D
Open Debug panel F5
Start / continue debugging F9
Toggle breakpoint Ctrl +K +Ctrl +S
Open keyboard shortcuts Navigation
Ctrl +T
Open new tab Ctrl +W
Close current tab Ctrl +Shift +T
Reopen last closed tab Ctrl +L
Focus address bar Ctrl +Tab
Next tab Ctrl +Shift +Tab
Previous tab Alt +Left
Go back Alt +Right
Go forward Editing
Ctrl +F
Find on page Ctrl +G
Find next match Ctrl +Shift +G
Find previous match Ctrl +U
View page source Ctrl +D
Bookmark current page Ctrl +P
Print page Window Management
Ctrl +N
Open new window Ctrl +Shift +N
Open new incognito window F11
Toggle fullscreen Ctrl +Shift +B
Toggle bookmarks bar Ctrl +1-8
Switch to tab 1–8 Ctrl +9
Switch to last tab Selection
Ctrl +A
Select all on page Ctrl +Shift +J
Open DevTools (Console) F12
Open DevTools Ctrl +Shift +C
Inspect element System
Ctrl +H
Open history Ctrl +J
Open downloads Ctrl +Shift +Delete
Clear browsing data Ctrl +R
Reload page Ctrl +Shift +R
Hard reload (no cache) Ctrl ++
Zoom in Ctrl +-
Zoom out Ctrl +0
Reset zoom Navigation
Ctrl +Home
Go to cell A1 Ctrl +End
Go to last used cell Ctrl +Arrow
Jump to edge of data region Ctrl +G
Go To dialog Ctrl +Page Up
Previous worksheet tab Ctrl +Page Down
Next worksheet tab Editing
F2
Edit active cell Ctrl +;
Insert current date Ctrl +Shift +;
Insert current time Ctrl +D
Fill down from cell above Ctrl +R
Fill right from cell left Ctrl +Enter
Fill all selected cells with entry Alt +=
Auto SUM selected range Ctrl +Shift +L
Toggle AutoFilter Window Management
Ctrl +N
New workbook Ctrl +F1
Toggle ribbon Alt +F1
Insert chart Ctrl +Shift ++
Insert cells / rows / columns Ctrl +-
Delete cells / rows / columns Selection
Ctrl +Space
Select entire column Shift +Space
Select entire row Ctrl +Shift +End
Select to last used cell Ctrl +Shift +Arrow
Select to edge of data Ctrl +*
Select current data region System
Ctrl +`
Toggle formula view F4
Repeat last action / toggle ref type Ctrl +Shift +U
Expand formula bar Alt +Enter
New line inside cell Ctrl +1
Format Cells dialog Navigation
Ctrl +/
Show keyboard shortcuts list Ctrl +F
Find in document Ctrl +H
Find and replace Ctrl +G
Find next Ctrl +Home
Go to beginning of document Ctrl +End
Go to end of document Editing
Ctrl +B
Bold Ctrl +I
Italic Ctrl +U
Underline Ctrl +Shift +X
Strikethrough Ctrl +K
Insert / edit link Ctrl +Enter
Insert page break Ctrl +Shift +C
Word count Ctrl +Shift +V
Paste without formatting Window Management
Ctrl +Alt +1
Apply Heading 1 Ctrl +Alt +2
Apply Heading 2 Ctrl +Alt +3
Apply Heading 3 Ctrl +Alt +0
Apply Normal text Ctrl +Shift +8
Bulleted list Ctrl +Shift +7
Numbered list Selection
Ctrl +A
Select all Ctrl +Shift +Up
Select to start of paragraph Ctrl +Shift +Down
Select to end of paragraph Shift +Home
Select to start of line Shift +End
Select to end of line System
Ctrl +Alt +M
Insert comment Ctrl +Shift +Y
Open dictionary Ctrl +Alt +Shift +H
Open revision history Ctrl +Shift +S
Voice typing (Chrome only) Navigation
Ctrl +A
Move cursor to start of line Ctrl +E
Move cursor to end of line Alt +B
Move back one word Alt +F
Move forward one word Ctrl +R
Reverse search command history Ctrl +P
Previous command (same as Up) Ctrl +N
Next command (same as Down) Editing
Ctrl +U
Delete from cursor to start of line Ctrl +K
Delete from cursor to end of line Ctrl +W
Delete word before cursor Alt +D
Delete word after cursor Ctrl +Y
Paste last deleted text (yank) Ctrl +T
Swap current and previous characters Ctrl +XX
Toggle between cursor and start of line Window Management
Ctrl +L
Clear screen (keep history) Ctrl +S
Pause terminal output Ctrl +Q
Resume terminal output Ctrl +Shift +T
New terminal tab Ctrl +Shift +W
Close terminal tab Selection
Shift +Page Up
Scroll up in terminal Shift +Page Down
Scroll down in terminal Ctrl +Shift +C
Copy selection (Linux terminal) Ctrl +Shift +V
Paste clipboard (Linux terminal) System
Ctrl +C
Cancel running command Ctrl +D
Close terminal / send EOF Ctrl +Z
Suspend current process !!
Repeat last command !$
Last argument of previous command Tab
Auto-complete file / command Tab +Tab
Show all completions Keyboard Visualizer
Click any shortcut above to see the keys highlighted on the keyboard.
Esc
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
PrtSc
Del
`
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
-
+
Backspace
Tab
Q
W
E
R
T
Y
U
I
O
P
[
]
\\
Caps
A
S
D
F
G
H
J
K
L
;
'
Enter
Shift
Z
X
C
V
B
N
M
,
.
/
Shift
Ctrl
Win
Alt
Space
Alt
Cmd
Opt
Ctrl
←
↑
↓
→
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most important keyboard shortcuts to learn first?
Start with universal shortcuts that work almost everywhere: Ctrl/Cmd+C (copy), Ctrl/Cmd+V (paste), Ctrl/Cmd+Z (undo), Ctrl/Cmd+S (save), and Ctrl/Cmd+F (find). These five shortcuts alone can dramatically speed up your workflow in any application.
Why are macOS shortcuts different from Windows shortcuts?
macOS uses the Command (Cmd) key as the primary modifier, while Windows uses Ctrl. This stems from Apple's original keyboard design philosophy. The Cmd key sits next to the spacebar making it easy to reach with the thumb, while Ctrl on Windows keyboards is at the corner. Many shortcuts are otherwise identical between the two systems.
How can I memorize keyboard shortcuts faster?
The best approach is spaced repetition: learn 3-5 new shortcuts per week and force yourself to use them instead of the mouse. Print a cheat sheet and keep it near your monitor. Quiz mode tools like the one on this page can also help reinforce your memory through active recall.
Do keyboard shortcuts work the same in all browsers?
Most standard shortcuts like Ctrl/Cmd+T (new tab), Ctrl/Cmd+W (close tab), and Ctrl/Cmd+L (focus address bar) work across Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari. However, some browser-specific shortcuts like Chrome's Ctrl+Shift+J for DevTools may differ in other browsers.
Can I create my own custom keyboard shortcuts?
Yes. On Windows, you can assign shortcuts to desktop application shortcuts via Properties. On macOS, go to System Settings > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts to create app-specific shortcuts. VS Code lets you customize every shortcut via File > Preferences > Keyboard Shortcuts. Tools like AutoHotkey (Windows) or Karabiner-Elements (macOS) offer even more advanced customization.